From puppy through puberty to pensioner – we are lucky to have our dogs for an average of ten to fifteen years. With age, our dogs change, but what exactly happens when our four-legged friend shows signs of aging that exceed normal progression?
Dementia in dogs, also known as cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS), is a degenerative disease that can affect the brain and behavior of older dogs. It is similar in many ways to dementia in humans. During dementia, the nerve cells in the brain die; once the nerve cells are dead, they cannot regenerate, leading to a decline in the patient’s mental abilities.
The signs of dementia in dogs can vary greatly, meaning that dementia can sometimes be difficult to recognize. One common symptom is disorientation, also in familiar surroundings. For example, a dog may have difficulty finding its way home or get trapped in corners or behind furniture.
"The main problem for many owners is restlessness at night due to a disrupted day-night rhythm," explains vet Sylvia Erhard. "A set ritual that signals to the dog that this was the evening walk, followed by a treat when the dog gets into its basket, can help.”
Other symptoms are changes in how the dog interacts with people and other animals. A dog that used to be very social may become withdrawn or, on the contrary, unusually obtrusive. There may also be soiling in the house, even if the dog was previously house-trained. Changes in activity patterns, such as aimless wandering or a reduced interest in playing, are further symptoms that can indicate dementia in dogs.
First things first: If you notice signs of dementia in your dog, you should visit your veterinary practice. They can make an accurate diagnosis and discuss medical treatment options.
"Daily routines are particularly important for dogs with dementia, as they provide security and structure. Feeding times, walks and rest periods should be as consistent as possible. In addition to a fixed routine, mental stimulation is also crucial. Mental activities can help to slow down the progression of dementia. Simple games such as search games that stimulate the mind are very useful here," emphasizes vet Sylvia Erhard.
Regular exercise in the fresh air also plays an important role. It promotes blood circulation, especially to the brain, and short, frequent walks are good for the dog both physically and mentally.
Safety: If your dog tends to become disoriented in your home, it is advisable to make it "barrier-free". It is better to remove obstacles, secure stairs with a gate and make dangerous areas – such as a hot stove, for example – inaccessible.
Last but not least, nutrition also plays an important role. Some studies suggest that a diet rich in antioxidants, Omega-3 fatty acids and B vitamins can improve cognitive function. A balanced diet is therefore an important aspect of caring for a dog with dementia.
Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), have been shown to play an important role in brain health. Several studies conducted in both humans and animals found that omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and can protect brain cells from damage caused by the aging process or diseases such as dementia. In dogs suffering from cognitive dysfunction, these fatty acids can help slow down brain degeneration and improve brain function. Supplementing your dog's diet with foods rich in omega-3 or supplements can therefore be both a preventative measure and a supportive approach for existing cognitive problems. However, it is important to consult your veterinarian before making any changes in your pet's diet to ensure that the amount and type of omega-3 source is appropriate for your pet.
Living with a dog who has dementia can be challenging on both sides of the leash. It requires patience, understanding and often some adjustments to everyday life. But even during this time, both dog and owner can enjoy quality time together.
